7. Core Protocol

Overview

ISONET’s core protocol architecture defines how privacy routing, staking, node orchestration, and settlement interact at the network layer. The system is composed of three primary modules: the Routing Layer, the Identity & ZK Layer, and the Token‑Economic Layer.

7.1 Routing Layer

The routing layer is responsible for forwarding encrypted packets across the decentralized mesh.

Components

• Multi‑hop encrypted tunnels

• Dynamic path re‑selection

• Latency‑aware routing

• Bandwidth reputation scoring

Packet Lifetime

1

User sends encrypted packet

The user originates an encrypted packet to be forwarded through the mesh.

2

ZK auth check performed

A zero-knowledge authentication check is executed to validate permissions without revealing identity details.

3

Path selected using randomized weighted algorithm

A path is selected via a randomized, weighted algorithm that considers factors like latency and reputation.

4

Packets routed through 2–5 nodes

The packet traverses an intermediate sequence of typically 2–5 nodes (multi‑hop).

5

Settlement recorded for bandwidth usage

Bandwidth usage for the routing is recorded for later settlement between parties.

7.2 Identity & ZK Layer

This layer provides:

• Wallet‑based pseudonymous identity

• Zero‑knowledge authentication

• Selective disclosure credentials

7.3 Token‑Economic Layer

This layer settles payments between users, nodes, and the protocol.

Functions

• Fee splitting (85/13/2)

• APY computation for node tiers

• Slashing enforcement

• Treasury top‑ups